The Long Read: Save The Civic Centre
If you’re reading this, it’s likely a grey and dreary day, a stroll along the Harbour Arm doesn’t sound tempting and you’re unlikely to fancy frolicking in the fountains. Why not grab a cocoa, find a comfy chair and enjoy a nice story – well, the history of a building that was forgotten long ago by many….
Despite receiving a Charter from Edward II in 1313 entitling the town to a Mayor, Folkestone remained a rather sleepy port and market town for centuries. It wasn’t until George IV took the throne that the Earl of Radnor began building the Folkestone Estate, hiring the existing Cistern House to the Council for use as a Town Hall. Fittingly, the building was replaced with a Regency style Town Hall – the King’s preferred architecture – in the year of his death and opened in 1831, when the population was below 4,000. Joseph Messenger, a local architect, designed it and his building still stands today as the museum, cinema and Town Council offices. The town grew rapidly during the Victorian period, particularly after the arrival of the railway, rising to just under 19,000 by 1881. By the turn of the Century, the Council had taken over offices in Foord Road and Dover Road as well. 100 years after the Town Hall was built, the population had almost reached 36,000. This had risen to almost 46,000 when war broke out in 1939. During WWII, the Council used the evacuated Harvey Grammar School as temporary offices before taking a lease on 1 The Leas (no, not the current one!) and 2-10 West Terrace (pictured below).
Unfortunately, these buildings were not cost-effective. They were old, tired, plaster was peeling off the walls, narrow stairways were inefficient for a large staff and the open grates made the buildings expensive to heat. The owner was also keen to redevelop the land. So the Council approached the Royal Institute of British Architects for help. The president nominated Frederick Gibberd, known as the ‘flat architect’ for his modernist designs, which included Pullman Court in Streatham Hill, Nuneaton Town Centre and St. Albans and Doncaster Civic Centres. He suggested 7 acres of the Pleasure Gardens Theatre land that was used for sports including a croquet lawn and the prestigious Folkestone Lawn Tennis Club where early Davis Cup matches were played prior to WWI. Much to the annoyance of the club, the Government approved the land purchase for £38,478 in 1961 (about £860,000 in today’s money), with no compensation for the loss of facilities. Two parcels of land adjoining Trinity Road were sold for a totally of £14,910 (around £335,000 today) to the London Institute of Underwriters and Ministry of Public Buildings and Works for offices. Gibberd was by then working on the Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral so recommended McMorran and Whitby, known for Lammas Green housing estate and several buildings at Nottingham University. With their Devon County Hall, City Police Station (now known as Wood Street) and Amersham Free Church projects under construction, they seemed to be a good choice for Folkestone, especially as they drew more classical inspiration in their work than the Brutalist and Modernist movements, and were hired in April.
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“No building should be judged in isolation but always in relation to its surroundings” – Sir Hugh Casson, in Folkestone Town Hall
By May 1962, they had come up with two designs. One was initially favoured, blending a four-storey classical styled block in with the neighbouring Wampach Hotel via a broad walk between the two buildings leading to a future public assembly hall and neighbouring Magistrates’ Court with a minimal amount of new road. No decision was made, except that it would be a waste of money to build an information centre there.
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“It is difficult enough for 36 elected representatives to decide on anything, without calling on 45,000 townspeople to agree to every individual item” – Cllr. Banfield
However, the favoured option quickly became a nine-storey tower block of reinforced concrete with brick infilling before the plans went to public exhibition at the end of the year, with Councillors justifying this as giving more room to build in future and as an invitation to build tall. As per the other plans, this did not include a Council Chamber, but it could be accommodated at a later stage.
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“We shall show builders that we welcome them here to develop upwards” – Alderman Sainsbury
Interestingly, public opposition mostly slated the sloped roofs and arches, which were considered reminiscent of a Victorian stable conversion, but McMorran defended these as softening the straight lines, although pointing out he was unhappy about infilling the arches, which should have a walkway under them. He also advised against cutting the cost of stonework above them by using concrete as it would be ‘tricky’. However, the main objection was that it looked like a warehouse, a criticism the architect was puzzled to frequently receive about his designs. He warned against removing the surrounding Victorian buildings, which many liked.
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“I am rather fond of the Victorian era. Their buildings have a breadth and scale about them, a sense of power which we never had before nor have had since” – Donald McMorran
By 1964, the design had again been changed and this was the final design to be built. Or so we thought. The Government approved a £399,800 loan (about £8.1 million in today’s money) for the work, which commenced that year. However, the following year saw a change of heart and the previously vetoed Council Chamber was added to the West of the tower block as a single-storey building. A further £48,800 loan (about £950,000 today) had to be approved. Sadly, McMorran died in 1965, leaving Whitby to oversee the project.
The 112ft high building was sufficiently completed for most of the 130 staff to move in on 4 July 1966, but the complex was officially opened by Princess Alexandra on 4 May 1967. All departments of the Council were under one roof for the first time ever, and they proudly boasted having the tallest building in the district. The buildings included the Mayor’s parlour, Alderman’s robing room, a press room, the information centre Councillors had insisted was a waste of money, laboratories, strong rooms and enough room to hold over 14,000 plans dating back to 1875 and another 10 years’ worth, which seems rather short-sighted if their archive was already nearly 100 years old!
The official publicity, which included a presentation brochure, gushed about the reinforced concrete with infilling of Dorking brick, Portland stone facings, Reamy glass in the Council Chamber, polished hardwood floors, quality African hardwoods such as Agba for the doors and Utile in the Council
Chamber, shadow-free fluorescent lighting and oil-fired central heating. However, there was still a fair amount of public outrage, especially that we could have had something a bit better for our £474,033 (around £10 million today).
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“How ridiculous of our City Fathers and their clerks to come and perch themselves up above our heads in this ugly, pretentious civic centre in the best residential part of Folkestone when they might just as well have been carrying out their duties less ostentatiously in the workaday part of the town!” – N. L. Bickers
Costain Construction built the Civic Centre..
Sir Albert Costain (5 July 1910 – 5 March 1987) was a Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom.
He was Member of Parliament for Folkestone and Hythe.
He became production director on the formation of Richard Costain Ltd in 1933 and was later chairman of the company.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Costain
Funny old world ehhhh.
Regarding the conversion from oil to gas and the implied lack of foresight – this decision to change may have been influenced by two factors.
First the 1973 oil crisis impacted supply and drove up the price of oil which remained high afterwards. Then the UK was in the midst of conversion to ‘High Speed Gas’ from the North Sea in the mid seventies. Natural gas was seen to be the new wonderfuel by many and abundant supplies were forecast to last “until the end of the century”. It’s likely there would have been a substantial saving forecast at the time.
https://gas.retropia.co.uk/
Odd the builders were Costain when the MP was also a Costain?
Yes TPJ…
Odd yet unsurprising and yet if it was a Labour administration and a Labour MP then I’m sure that the Nasty Party would be up on their hind legs complaining.
The practice also designed the Old Bailey extension. I always felt that the later rendering of the Civic Centre detracted from the building but, it was obviously cheaper than rebuilding it.
https://c20society.org.uk/building-of-the-month/central-criminal-court-extension-london
It is clear that the proposed move by the Council to Otterpool is part of a deliberate ploy to move the administrative and commercial locus of the district out of Folkestone. A town whose raison d’etre was once its fishing harbour and which later prospered as a seaside resort in the era of the railway now has a Council that believes that the future prosperity of the district depends on the high speed rail link/Channel tunnel and on its new offices being located close to a motorway junction around which a new town can be developed.